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Physiological adaptations to intentional weight loss can facilitate weight regain. This review summarizes emerging findings on hypothalamic and brainstem circuitry in the regulation of body weight and identifies promising areas for research to improve therapeutic interventions for sustainable weight loss. There is good evidence that body weight is actively regulated in a homeostatic fashion similar...
Most individuals with obesity or overweight have difficulty maintaining weight loss. The weight‐reduced state induces changes in many physiological processes that appear to drive weight regain. Here, we review the use of cell biology, genetics, and imaging techniques that are being used to begin understanding why weight regain is the normal response to dieting. As with obesity itself, weight regain...
Preventing regain of lost weight is the most difficult challenge in the treatment of obesity. The National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases convened a workshop, “The Physiology of the Weight‐Reduced State,” on June 3 to 4, 2019, in order to explore the physiologic mechanisms of appetitive and metabolic adaptation that take place in the weight‐reduced state and counter an individual’s...
Although many persons with obesity can lose weight by lifestyle (diet and physical activity) therapy, successful long‐term weight loss is difficult to achieve, and most people who lose weight regain their lost weight over time. The neurohormonal, physiological, and behavioral factors that promote weight recidivism are unclear and complex. The National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney...
Although many individuals achieve weight loss of 10% or more, the ability to maintain a reduced body mass over months and years is much rarer. Unfortunately, our understanding of the adverse consequences of having overweight and obesity argues that long‐term maintenance of a reduced weight provides the greatest health benefit. However, to achieve long‐term weight reduction requires overcoming neuroendocrine...
Objective
This study aimed to evaluate the effects of intermittent energy restriction (IER; only for 2‐3 d/wk) versus continuous energy restriction (CER) on weight loss and metabolic outcomes in adults with overweight or obesity.
Methods
Methods included searching databases from the last decade to December 18, 2019, for randomized controlled trials (RCTs) that assessed weight loss and metabolic...
In 2020, impediments to pediatric obesity (PO) treatment remain pervasive, even though these barriers are clearly documented in medical literature. Providers must invest considerable resources to overcome these barriers to care. Notable barriers include gaps in medical education, misperceptions of the disease, weight bias and stigma, exclusion of coverage in health plans, and thus an unsustainable...
Objective
This study aimed to assess the impact of obesity on nonrespiratory complications in patients dying with coronavirus disease (COVID‐19).
Methods
Medical charts of 3,694 of patients dying with COVID‐19 in Italy were reviewed to extract information on demographics, preexisting comorbidities, and in‐hospital complications leading to death. Multivariate logistic regressions were performed...
Objective
Longitudinal studies on childhood predictors of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) progression are lacking. The objective of this study was to determine whether baseline clinical or laboratory measures predict liver disease outcomes in a pediatric NAFLD cohort.
Methods
A retrospective study of patients with presumed NAFLD was conducted using baseline and follow‐up clinical and laboratory...
Objective
Adrenomedullin (ADM) possesses therapeutic potential for inflammatory diseases. Consequently, the effects of ADM on inflammation in visceral white adipose tissue (vWAT) of obese rats or in adipocytes were explored in this study.
Methods
Male rats were fed a high‐fat diet for 12 weeks to induce obesity, and obese rats were implanted with osmotic minipumps providing constant infusion of...
Objective
This study aimed to investigate the effects of a high‐fat diet (HFD) and aging on resting and activity‐dependent cerebral blood flow (CBF).
Methods
To run a comparison between obese and age‐matched control animals, 6‐week‐old mice were fed either with regular chow or an HFD for 3 months or 8 months. Glucose tolerance and insulin sensitivity were assessed for metabolic phenotyping. Resting...
Objective
The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effects of zinc (Zn) supplementation on metabolic and neuroinflammatory parameters in cafeteria diet (CAF)‐induced obesity in Wistar rats.
Methods
Animals were divided into four groups: control diet (CT); CT+Zn; CAF; CAF+Zn. The diet was administered for 20 weeks; Zn treatment (10 mg/kg/d) started at week 16 and it was conducted until the...
Objective
The main goal of this analysis was to determine whether type 2 diabetes and hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) predict all‐cause 30‐day hospital readmission after metabolic and bariatric surgery (MBS). It was hypothesized that a diagnosis of type 2 diabetes or high HbA1c values would predict all‐cause hospital readmission rates post MBS.
Methods
A retrospective analysis from the 2015‐2018 Metabolic...
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